Idelsohn was born in Latvia and after living in various countries moved to Jerusalem in the early 20th century. In Palestine he established a school of Jewish music. In the 1920s he moved to the United States where he was a professor of Jewish music at Hebrew Union College in Cincinnati. Idelsohn collected the oral traditions of the Jewish people and published and recorded several collections of music. His "Thesaurus of Hebrew Oriental Melodies" included the history of a melody from Sadhora in the Ukraine. Idelsohn adapted this melody and wrote Hebrew lyrics for it. It is now known as "Hava Nagila."